This research aims to describe and explain the understanding of varieties and essential component in relative clauses. The relative clauses are a fundamental aspect of language structure, playing a crucial role in conveying complex relationships between elements or components within sentences. This research explores the varieties of relative clauses found across language and investigates the essential components that define their structural and semantic properties. To gather information and collect the data for this research, the researcher used analysis a qualitative descriptive research. The result shown that learning relative clauses gave the students deep understanding about varieties and essential components in relative clauses. They were good in combining the relative clauses and better in identifying the relative pronoun, which introduces pronoun and connectors. The students also understood in using defining and non-defining relative clauses and the meaning when they translated into Indonesia.